All Areas of Operation and tasks from the FAA Commercial Pilot — Helicopter Airman Certification Standards (ACS). Each task includes the objective, knowledge elements, risk management items, and skills — plus an audio review. Know what the evaluator is looking for before you fly.
Task A. Pilot Qualifications
References: 14 CFR parts 61, 68, 91, 119.1(e); AC 68-1; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated
with airman and medical certificates including privileges, limitations, currency, and operating as pilot-in-
command as a commercial pilot.
Knowledge: The applica…
Task B. Airworthiness Requirements
References: 14 CFR parts 27, 29, 39, 43, 91; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
airworthiness requirements, including aircraft certificates.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.I.B.K1 General airworthiness requirements …
Task C. Weather Information
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91-92; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-25, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-28
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
weather information for a flight under VFR.
Note: If K2 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant’s knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Not…
Task D. Cross-Country Flight Planning
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 91.21-1; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25;
Helicopter Route Charts; NOTAMs; VFR Navigation Charts
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
cross-country flights and VFR flight planning.
Note: Preparation, presentation, and …
Task E. National Airspace System
References: 14 CFR parts 71, 91, 93; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route
Charts; VFR Navigation Charts
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
National Airspace System (NAS) operations under VFR as a commercial pilot.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates unders…
Task F. Performance and Limitations
References: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
operating a helicopter safely within the parameters of its performance capabilities and limitations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.I.F.K1 Elem…
Task G. Operation of Systems
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
safe operation of systems on the helicopter provided for the flight test.
Note: If K1 is selected, the evaluator must assess the applicant's knowledge of at least three sub-elements.
Knowledge…
Task H. Human Factors
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
personal health, flight physiology, and aeromedical and human factors related to safety of flight.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.I.H.K1 Symptoms, recognition, causes, effects…
Task I. Night Operations
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with night
operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.I.I.K1 Physiological aspects of vision related to night flying.
CH.I.I.K2 Personal equipment essential for …
Task A. Preflight Assessment
References: AC 91-32; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
preparation for safe flight.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.II.A.K1 Pilot self-assessment.
CH.II.A.K2 Determining that the helicopter to be used is in an …
Task B. Flight Deck Management
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 120-71; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
flight deck management practices.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Task C. Powerplant Starting and Rotor Engagement
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
recommended powerplant starting and rotor engagement procedures.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.II.C.K1 Starting under various conditions.
CH.II…
Task D. Before Takeoff Check
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
before takeoff check.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.II.D.K1 Purpose of before takeoff checklist items, including:
CH.II.D.K1a a. Reasons for checking each item
CH.…
Task A. Runway/Taxiway/Heliport/Helipad Signs, Markings, and Lighting
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
runway/taxiway/heliport/helipad signs, markings and lighting.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.III.A.K1 Airport r…
Task B. Communications, Light Signals, and Runway Lighting Systems
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
normal and emergency radio communications, air traffic control (ATC) light signals, and runway lighting
systems.
Knowledge: The applicant demo…
Task C. Traffic Patterns
References: 14 CFR part 91; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
traffic patterns.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.III.C.K1 Towered and nontowered airport/heliport/helipad/landing area operations and restrictions.
CH.III.C…
Task A. Vertical Takeoff and Landing
References: 14 CFR part 91; AC 90-95; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
vertical takeoff and landing from a hover.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.IV.A.K1 Elements related to a vertical takeoff to a hove…
Task B. Hover Taxi
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
hover taxi operations, including runway incursion avoidance.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
Task C. Air Taxi
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
air taxi operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.IV.C.K1 Current airport aeronautical references and information resources such as the Char…
Task D. Taxiing with Wheel-Type Landing Gear
References: AC 91-73; AIM; Chart Supplements; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
ground taxi operations, in a wheel-type aircraft, including runway incursion avoidance.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of…
Task E. Slope Operations
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
slope operations.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of…
Task A. Confined Area Operations
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
confined area operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.IX.A.K1 Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density altitude.
CH.IX.A.K2 Situations when a confin…
Task B. Pinnacle Operations
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
pinnacle operations.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.IX.B.K1 Elements of pinnacle/platform operations.
CH.IX.B.K2 Effects of wind, weight, temperature, and density al…
Task A. Normal Takeoff and Climb
References: AIM, FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
normal takeoff, climb operations, and rejected takeoff procedures.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be
evaluated thr…
Task B. Normal and Crosswind Approach
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
normal and crosswind approach.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be
evaluated through oral testing.
Knowledge:…
Task C. Maximum Performance Takeoff and Climb
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
maximum performance takeoff and climb.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.V.C.K1 Situations where this maneuver is appropriate.
CH.V.C.K2 Effects …
Task D. Steep Approach
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
steep approach.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.V.D.K1 A stabilized steep approach.
CH.V.D.K2 Approach techniques and applicability.
CH.V.D.K3 Performance data and th…
Task E. Rolling Takeoff (Wheel-Type Landing Gear)
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
rolling takeoff with wheel-type landing gear.
Note: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant’s knowledge of crosswind elements must be
evaluated through oral…
Task F. Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
shallow approach and running/roll-on landing operation.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.V.F.K1 Elements related to shallow approach and runni…
Task G. Go-Around
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
go-around with emphasis on factors that contribute to landing conditions that may require a go-around.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.V.G.K1 Situations and considerations on a…
Task A. Rapid Deceleration/Quick Stop
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
rapid deceleration/quick stop and conditions that may require a rapid deceleration/quick stop.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VI.A.K1 Purpose of the maneuv…
Task B. Straight-In Autorotation in a Single-Engine Helicopter
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
straight-in autorotation to a power recovery.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Require…
Task C. Autorotation with Turns in a Single-Engine Helicopter
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
autorotation with turns.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements &
Limitations for …
Task A. Pilotage and Dead Reckoning
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts, VFR Navigation Charts
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
pilotage and dead reckoning.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VII.A.K1 Pilotage and dead reckoning.
CH.VII.A.K2 Mag…
Task B. Navigation Systems and Radar Services
References: AC 91-78; AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
navigation systems and radar services.
Note: The evaluator should reference the manufacturer’s equipment supplement(s) as necessary for
appropriate limitations, procedur…
Task C. Diversion
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts, VFR Navigation Charts
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
diversion.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VII.C.K1 Selecting an alternate destination.
CH.VII.C.K2 Situations that require deviatio…
Task D. Lost Procedures
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; Helicopter Route Charts, VFR Navigation Charts
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
lost procedures and can take appropriate steps to achieve a satisfactory outcome if lost.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VII.…
Task A. Powerplant Failure in a Hover in a Single-Engine Helicopter
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
powerplant failure in-ground effect (IGE) hover
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII.A…
Task B. Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter
References: AC 61-140; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a
simulated powerplant failure at altitude.
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requi…
Task C. Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (Simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter
Only)
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
approach and landing with one engine inoperative (simulated).
Note: See Appendix 2: Safety of Flight and Appendix 3:…
Task D. Systems and Equipment Malfunctions
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
causes, indications, and pilot actions for system malfunctions.
Task E. Vortex Ring State (VRS)
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
main rotor Vortex Ring State (VRS).
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related to this Task.
Knowledge: The applicant demo…
Task F. Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
low rotor rpm recognition and recovery.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations for information
related…
Task G. Antitorque System Failure
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with an
antitorque system failure.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII.G.K1 Elements related to antitorque system failure by …
Task H. Dynamic Rollover
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM; SAFO 16016
Task I. Ground Resonance
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with ground
resonance.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII.I.K1 Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to ground resonance by desc…
Task J. Low Gravity (G) Recognition and Recovery
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge and risk management associated with low G
conditions.
Note: Evaluator assesses this Task orally only.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII.J.K1 Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to …
Task K. Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
emergency equipment, and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter and environment encountered
during flight.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII…
Task L. Flight Solely by Reference to Instruments
References: 14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
flying solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.VIII.L.K1 Elements related to attitude instrume…
Task M. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
References: AIM; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
attitude instrument flying while recovering from unusual attitudes solely by reference to instruments.
Note: See Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Oper…
Task A. After Landing, Parking, and Securing
References: FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM
Objective: To determine the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with
after landing, parking, and securing procedures.
Knowledge: The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
CH.X.A.K1 Helicopter shutdown, securing, and postflight inspection.
CH.…
Task B. Powerplant Failure at Altitude in a Single-Engine Helicopter
The altitude, airspeed, and location must be considered so the helicopter is in a position to achieve a safe landing if an
actual powerplant failure occurs. The minimum altitude to initiate a power failure must be at least 1,000 feet AGL with a
power recovery completed by at least 500 feet AGL.
Task C. Approach and Landing with One Engine Inoperative (OEI) (simulated) (Multiengine Helicopter Only)
The evaluator must include this Task on the practical test for an applicant who provides a multiengine helicopter. The
minimum altitude to initiate this Task must be at least 1000 feet AGL for this maneuver. The evaluator must conduct a
preflight briefing with the applicant regarding the expect…
Task E. Vortex Ring State (VRS)
The evaluator must conduct a briefing with the applicant regarding the selection of a safe entry altitude, recognition of the
onset of VRS, and recovery within the Task standards. The area must be free of obstructions should a landing become
necessary.
Appendix 3: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations
Task F. Low Rotor Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) Recognition and Recovery
The evaluator must test the applicant orally on this Task if the helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that
cannot be disabled. During the pre-flight briefing, evaluators must discuss avoiding any condition that may lead to rotor stall
during the demonstration of this Task. If the skills are tested in flight, e…
Task M. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
The evaluator shall conduct a preflight briefing with the applicant regarding initiation of and techniques for recovery from
unusual flight attitudes. The briefing must address any hazards associated with the rotor system. Intervention by the evaluator
to prevent the applicant from exceeding any helicopter operating limitations or from entering an uns…
All 12 emergency procedure topics from the Robinson R22 POH, with audio narration. Cross-reference with ACS Area VIII above.
↓ Download Full R22 POH (PDF)DEFINITIONS Land Immediately - Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required. Land as soon as practical - Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.
POWER FAILURE - GENERAL A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicated by the low RPM horn. An engine failure may be indicated by a change in noise level, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreasing engine RPM. A drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing. In case of power failure, immediately lower collective to enter autorotation. CAUTION Aft cyclic is required when collective is lowered at high speed. CAUTION Do not apply aft cyclic during touchdown or ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tailcone.
POWER FAILURE ABOVE 500 FEET AGL 1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM. 2. Establish a steady glide at approximately 65 KIAS. (For maximum glide distance, see page 3-3.) 3. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%. 4. Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind. 5. A restart may be attempted at pilot’s discretion if sufficient time is available (See “Air Restart Procedure”, page 3-3). 6. If unable to restart, turn unnecessary switches and fuel valve off. 7. At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed. 8. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead.
POWER FAILURE BETWEEN 8 FEET AND 500 FEET AGL 1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM. 2. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 110% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%. 3. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed. 4. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude and nose straight ahead. MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
POWER FAILURE BELOW 8 FEET AGL 1. Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing. 2. Allow aircraft to settle. 3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
MAXIMUM GLIDE DISTANCE CONFIGURATION 1. Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS. | 2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%. 3. Best glide ratio is about 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1500 | feet AGL. CAUTION Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum | when autorotating below 500 feet AGL. AIR RESTART PROCEDURE 1. Mixture - full rich. 2. Primer (if installed) - down and locked. | 3. Throttle - closed, then cracked slightly. 4. Actuate starter with left hand. CAUTION Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established.
EMERGENCY WATER LANDING – POWER OFF 1. Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact. 2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors. 3. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop. EMERGENCY WATER LANDING – POWER ON 1. Descend to hover above water. 2. Unlatch doors. 3. Passenger exit aircraft. 4. Fly to safe distance from passenger to avoid possible injury by rotors. 5. Switch battery and alternator OFF. 6. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring. 7. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water. 8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors. 9. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop. MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR THRUST DURING FORWARD FLIGHT Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal. 2. Immediately enter autorotation. 3. Maintain at least 70 KIAS airspeed if practical. 4, Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring and perform autorotation landing. NOTE When a suitable landing site is not available, the vertical fin may permit limited controlled flight at very low power settings and airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however, prior to reducing airspeed, re-enter full autorotation. LOSS OF TAIL ROTOR THRUST DURING HOVER Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal. . Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle. . Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
ENGINE FIRE DURING START ON GROUND
Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would
suck flames and excess fuel through carburetor into
engine.
2. lf engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time,
shut down, and inspect for damage.
3. If engine fails to start, shut off fuel and master battery
switch.
4. Extinguish fire with fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or
dirt.
5. Inspect for damage.
FIRE IN FLIGHT
1. Enter autorotation.
2. Master battery switch - Off (if time permits).
3. Cabin heat - Off (if installed and time permits).
4. Cabin vent - On {if time permits).
5. If engine is running, perform normal! landing and
immediately shut off fuel valve.
6. If engine stops running, shut off fuel valve and execute
autorotation landing as described on pages 3-1 and 3-2.
ELECTRICAL FIRE IN FLIGHT
- wn
Master battery switch - Off.
Alt switch - Off.
Land immediately.
Extinguish fire and inspect for damage.
CAUTION
Low RPM warning system and governor
are inoperative with master battery and
alternator switches both off.
MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURESTACHOMETER FAILURE If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical. NOTE Each tach, the governor, and the low RPM warning horn are on separate circuits. Either the battery or the alternator can independently supply power to the tachs. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachs even if the master battery switch is off. GOVERNOR FAILURE If the engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control. SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS NOTE If a light causes excessive glare at night, bulb may be unscrewed or circuit breaker pulled to eliminate glare during landing. OIL MR TEMP MR CHIP TR CHIP Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil pressure gage and, if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately. Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur. Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox. See note below. Indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox. See note below. Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox. See note below. NOTE If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical. Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found on detector plug, clean and reinstall (tail rotor gearbox must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 minutes. !f chip light comes on again, replace gearbox before further flight. WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS (cont’d) LOW Indicates approximately one gallon of usable FUEL fuel remaining for all-aluminum fuel tanks or 1.5 gallons for bladder-style tanks. The engine will run out of fuel after approximately five minutes at cruise power for aircraft with all-aluminum tanks or ten minutes with bladder-style tanks. CAUTION Do not use low fuel caution light as a working indication of fuel quantity. CLUTCH Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out. NOTE Clutch light may come on momentarily during run-up or during flight to retension belts as they warm-up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If, however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds, pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of drive system failure (be prepared to enter autorotation). Inspect drive system for a possible malfunction. ALT Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment and switch ALT off and back on after one second to reset overvoltage relay. If light stays on, land as soon as practical. Continued flight without functioning alternator can result in loss of electronic tachometer, producing a hazardous flight condition. WARNING/CAUTION LIGHTS (cont’d) BRAKE Indicates rotor brake is engaged. Release immediately in flight or before starting engine. STARTER-ON Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is released from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have starter motor serviced. GOV-OFF Indicates engine RPM throttle governor is off. CARBON Indicates elevated levels of carbon MONOXIDE monoxide (CO) in cabin. Shut off heater (if installed) and open nose and door vents. If hovering, land or transition to forward flight. If symptoms of CO poisoning (headache, drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light, land immediately. FULL Indicates engine near full throttle. The THROTTLE governor will be ineffective because it (if installed) cannot increase throttle to maintain RPM. Lower collective as required to extinguish light.
LOW RPM HORN & CAUTION LIGHT A horn and an illuminated caution light indicate that rotor RPM may be below safe limits. To restore RPM, immediately roll throttle on, lower collective and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic. The horn and caution light are disabled when collective is full down. MODEL R22 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES INFORMATION PER FAA AD 95-26-04 1) RIGHT ROLL IN LOW “G” CONDITION Gradually apply aft cyclic to restore positive “G” forces and main rotor thrust. Do not apply lateral cyclic until positive “G” forces have been established. 2) UNCOMMANDED PITCH, ROLL, OR YAW RESULTING FROM FLIGHT IN TURBULENCE. Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor RPM, positive “G” forces, and to eliminate sideslip. Minimize cyclic control inputs in turbulence; do not overcontrol. 3) INADVERTENT ENCOUNTER WITH MODERATE, SEVERE, OR EXTREME TURBULENCE. if the area of turbulence is isolated, depart the area; otherwise, land the helicopter as soon as practical.